Қазақстан Республикасы ірі қалаларының топырақ жамылғысындағы ауыр металдардың таралуын геоақпараттық үлгілеу (Казгидромет РМК 2019-2023 жж. мәліметтері негізінде)
Қаралымдар: 42 / PDF жүктеулері: 10
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-6771-2025-152-3-157-174Кілт сөздер:
топырақтағы ауыр металдар, мемлекеттік мониторинг, урбандалған аймақтар топырағы, ГАЖАңдатпа
Топырақтың ластану үрдісі адам әрекеті салдарынан соңғы екі ғасырда қарқындылығы бірнеше есе артып, көлемі үлкейді. Оның салдарын бақылауда ұстап, экологияны тұрақтандыру мақсатында әлем елдері химиялық қосылыстар мен уытты элементтердің табиғи ортаға шығу мөлшерін белгілі бір нормативтерге сәйкестендіреді. Елімізде топырақтың ластануының негізгі экологиялық нормативі – шекті рұқсат етілген концентрация (ШРК) болып табылатыны белгілі, яғни белгілі бір уақыт аралығында тұрақты байланыс немесе өзара әрекеттесу кезінде жануарларға, өсімдіктерге, микроорганизмдерге және жалпы табиғи қауымдастыққа әсер етпейтін топырақтағы поллютанттың мөлшері. Алпауыт өндіріс орындары орналасқан әкімшілік-аумақтық бірліктердің топырақ қабатының ауыр металдармен ластану деңгейін қадағалау мақсатында «Казгидромет» РМК тарапынан еліміздің ірі қалаларында үздіксіз мониторинг жұмыстары жүргізіліп отырады. Нәтижесі қадағалаушы мекеменің ресми басылымы – бюллетендерде жарияланады. Мақала бюллетендердің соңғы бес жылдағы (2019-2023) бақылау нәтижесін сараптау мақсатында ұйымдастырылған. Мониторинг нәтижелерін статистикалық түрлендіру барысында хром, мыс, мырыш, кадмий және қорғасын элементтерінің урбандалған аймақтар топырағында таралу сипаты сарапаталып, анықталды. Мұнан кейін деректер геоақпараттық технология көмегімен электронды карта бетіне түсіріліп, қауіптілік дәрежесіне сәйкес топтастырылды. Бюллетендермен сараптама жүргізу барысында уақыт өте келе басылымның сапасы артып, ондағы ақпараттың бірізділігі мен жүйелену деңгейі едәуір жақсарғандығы байқалды.
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Авторлық құқық (c) 2025 N. Sihanova, Ye. Shynbergenov, N. Togyzbayeva, A. Karabalayeva (Author)
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