Геоинформационное моделирование распределения тяжелых металлов в почвенном покрове крупных городов Республики Казахстан (на основе данных РГП «Казгидромет» за 2019-2023 гг.)
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-6771-2025-152-3-157-174Ключевые слова:
тяжелые металлы в почве, государственный мониторинг, почвы урбанизированных регионов, ГИСАннотация
Интенсивность загрязнения почв из-за деятельности человека за последние два столетия возросла в несколько раз. В целях контролированияпоследствии и стабилизации окружающей среды, страны мира нормируют количество химических соединений и токсичных элементов, выбрасываемых в природную среду, до определенных величин. Известно, что основной экологической нормой загрязнения почв в стране является предельно допустимая концентрация (ПДК), т.е., количество загрязняющих веществ в почве, не оказывающее воздействия на животных, растения, микроорганизмы и природное сообщество в целом в течение определенного периода времени, период постоянного контакта или взаимодействия. В целях контроля уровня загрязнения тяжелыми металлами почвенного покрова административно-территориальных единиц, где расположены крупные производственные объекты, РГП «Казгидромет» осуществляет постоянный мониторинг крупнейших городов страны. Результаты публикуются в официальном издании учреждения – бюллетенях. Статья организована с целью анализа опубликованных материалов в бюллетенях за последние пять лет (2019-2023 гг.). В процессе статистической обработки результатов мониторинга проанализирован и определен характер распределения таких тжелых металлов, как хром, медь, цинк, кадмий и свинец в почве городских территорий. Была создана электронная база данных и цифровая карта в векторном формате распространения ТМ с использованием геоинформационных технологий. В ходе изучения содержания бюллетеней было замечено, что качество публикации со временем возросло, а уровень последовательности и систематизации информации в ней значительно улучшился
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