Радиационная и пероксидная сшивка композитов на основе полипропилена: обзор и сравнительный анализ
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-6771-2025-151-2-103-129Ключевые слова:
полипропилен, сшивка полимеров, радиационная сшивка, пероксидная сшивка, полимерные материалы, композиты, физико-химические свойства, модификация полимеров, структурные изменения, промышленные примененияАннотация
В данной статье представлен комплексный обзор и сравнительный анализ двух ключевых методов модификации полипропиленовых композитов - радиационной и пероксидной сшивки. Полипропилен, обладая высокими физико-химическими характеристиками, широко применяется в строительной, автомобильной, электротехнической и других отраслях. Однако необходимость повышения его термостойкости, прочности и долговечности требует дополнительной модификации макромолекулярной структуры. Рассматриваемые методы сшивки обеспечивают формирование пространственно-сшитой структуры, что значительно улучшает эксплуатационные свойства материала. В статье проанализированы механизмы образования сетчатой структуры, влияние параметров процесса на эффективность сшивки, а также приведено сравнение полученных композитов по ряду физико-механических и термических характеристик. Обоснована актуальность выбора метода в зависимости от специфики конечного применения, что подчеркивает перспективность дальнейших исследований в области полимерной инженерии. Рассматриваются потенциальные области применения модифицированных композитов, включая их использование в высокотехнологичных отраслях, где требуются повышенные характеристики прочности и устойчивости к воздействию окружающей среды. Кроме того, освещаются экологические и экономические аспекты внедрения сшитых полипропиленов в промышленность. Особое внимание уделено вопросам масштабирования технологий, а также интеграции полученных решений в существующие производственные процессы. В то же время анализируются трудности, связанные с контролем степени сшивки и необходимостью стандартизации получаемых материалов. В заключение подчеркивается важность выбора оптимального метода сшивки для достижения желаемых свойств полипропиленовых композитов, что может существенно повлиять на их конкурентоспособность на рынке. Приведены примеры успешной реализации данных технологий в промышленном производстве.
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