Recent progress in MXene synthesis: Applications in catalysis and sustainable energy storage
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32523/3107-278X-2026-155-2-68-102Keywords:
MAX phase, Mxene, synthesis methods, catalysis, energy storageAbstract
Двумерные (2D) MXene-материалы, состоящие из карбидов, нитридов и карбонитридов переходных металлов, представляют собой быстро развивающийся класс функциональных материалов. Полученные из MAX-фаз путем селективного химического травления, MXene обладают уникальным сочетанием свойств, включая высокую электропроводность, регулируемую химию поверхности, гидрофильность и слоистую архитектуру. Эти характеристики делают MXene особенно привлекательными для применений, требующих эффективного переноса энергии и взаимодействия с поверхностью, превосходя традиционные 2D-материалы, такие как графен и переходные металлы. В данном обзоре рассматриваются последние достижения в синтезе MXene, с акцентом не только на традиционные подходы, но и, в частности, на методы без фторидов и с низким содержанием фторидов, включая электрохимические методы и методы обработки в расплавленных солях. Систематически анализируется влияние этих методов на функциональные группы поверхности, структурную стабильность и свойства материала. Кроме того, обсуждаются стратегии расслоения, легирования гетероатомами и гибридизации как ключевые пути повышения функциональных характеристик MXene. Рассматриваются расширяющиеся области применения MXene в катализе, хранении и преобразовании энергии с точки зрения взаимосвязи структуры, свойств и характеристик. В устройствах хранения энергии материалы на основе MXene обеспечивают высокую емкость, длительную циклическую стабильность и быстрый ионный транспорт в литий-ионных и цинк-ионных батареях, а также в суперконденсаторах. MXene и их гибридные производные также демонстрируют большие перспективы в качестве эффективных, стабильных и универсальных материалов для фотокатализа, электрокатализа и систем гидрирования CO₂. Этот обзор создает единую научную основу для рационального проектирования MXene и открывает путь для будущих исследований, направленных на разработку устойчивых и ориентированных на применение технологий на основе MXene.
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