Production of activated carbon from biomass waste for application in supercapacitors
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-6771-2025-153-4-40-54Keywords:
supercapacitors, carbon material, activated carbon, chemical activationAbstract
The high demand for energy-storage materials and the need for sustainable and environmentally friendly development have drawn the attention of scientists to the use of renewable resources and the utilization of biowaste. In this study, we used date kernels, an affordable and annually renewable byproduct of the food industry. Carbon-rich date kernels have the potential to serve as precursors for carbon electrodes in supercapacitors. Individual electrodes were designed to enhance cyclic stability and Coulombic efficiency. An activation process with a KOH to biochar ratio of 1:3 yielded a specific capacitance of 204 F/g, an energy density of 6.5 W/kg, and a high luminous efficacy of 47.70 W/kg for a two-electrode symmetric system at a current density of 0.2 A/g. BET analysis revealed a high surface area of 2423.4 m²/g for activated carbon with a KOH to biochar ratio of 1:3. In this study, the use of free-standing electrodes resulted in a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.97%, which in turn ensures the high performance of the supercapacitor.
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Copyright (c) 2025 N. Makanova, A. Belgibayeva, A. Mukanova, A. Nurpeissova (Author)
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