Radiation crosslinking of primary and secondary polymers: efficiency and possibilities of radiation crosslinking of polymers
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https://doi.org/10.32523/3107-278X-2026-154-1-75-99Keywords:
radiation crosslinking, ; ionizing radiation, primary polymers, secondary polymers, polyethylene, polymer modification, environmental friendliness, polymer waste, circular economyAbstract
The article is devoted to a review of radiation crosslinking of primary and secondary polymers as a promising area of modification of macromolecular materials. The physicochemical foundations of the crosslinking process under the influence of ionizing radiation, including gamma radiation, electron beam and ultraviolet, are considered, with an emphasis on the mechanisms of formation of cross-links in the polymer structure. Special attention is paid to the comparative analysis of the behavior of primary and secondary polymers under radiation exposure, including the effects of impurities, residual stabilizers and the degree of degradation. The results of modern scientific research demonstrating changes in the mechanical and thermal properties of polymers after crosslinking are summarized. A significant part of the article is devoted to the practical application of radiation-crosslinked materials in various industries: energy (cable insulation), medicine (disposable products), construction (pipes and films), as well as in the processing and disposal of plastic waste. An analysis of the economic aspects of the method is given, which shows that in mass production, radiation crosslinking turns out to be economically more profitable than chemical methods, due to high productivity, automation of processes and the absence of the need for initiators. Environmental advantages were noted, including the absence of toxic by-products and the possibility of deep processing of secondary polymers. The conclusion is made about the high relevance and potential of radiation crosslinking in the context of sustainable development and transition to a circular economy.
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