Risks to the ecosystem when antibiotics enter water bodies
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-6771-2025-151-2-211-236Keywords:
aquatic contamination, pharmaceuticals, wastewater, antibiotics, resistance, ecotoxicants, hydrobionts, bioaccumulation, microorganismsAbstract
The problem of antibiotic pollution in the environment has serious consequences for ecosystems and poses a threat to human health. Research in this field covers a wide range of tasks and objects. This article reviews domestic and international literature on the dynamics and distribution of antibiotics in environmental components, the key sources of antibiotic contamination in aquatic environments, and the mechanisms of antibiotic impact on hydrobionts. The migration pathways of antibiotics from their sources, as well as their persistence in various environments, including wastewater from medical institutions, pharmaceutical production, households, agricultural fertiliser use, animal husbandry, and aquaculture, are described. Particular attention is given to the formation and further spread of antibiotic resistance in hydrobionts. Particular interest is given to studies on ecotoxic concentrations of pharmaceuticals in the environment. The role of antibiotics in environment processes is examined, including their impact on the decomposition of organic matter , the accumulation of toxic nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, and eutrophication. It has been found that, in addition to the existence of various mechanisms of antibiotic dynamics and ecotoxicokinetics, all pathways of pharmaceutical distribution and their impact on environmental components are generally interconnected and interdependent. All of this can be seen as a unified system of biogeochemical process destabilization. Based on the research review, a set of integrated measures has been proposed, including monitoring, regulation of antibiotic use, and the development of new technologies for removing ecotoxicants from water.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Lyailya Akbayeva, Zhumabike Bakeshova, Eseniya Tihomirova, Nurgul Mamytova, Yerbol Pangaliyev (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
