Университет кампустарында төмен көміртекті су ресурстарын басқару және қайта пайдалану жөніндегі экологиялық бағалау: жаһандық көзқарас
Қаралымдар: 1035 / PDF жүктеулері: 267
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-6771-2025-151-2-270-293Кілт сөздер:
төмен көміртекті суды басқару, ағынды суларды қайта өңдеу, экологиялық бағалау, тұрақты су ресурстары, университет кампусыАңдатпа
Әлемдегі университеттер су тапшылығы мәселесінің күшеюіне тап болып отыр, сондықтан суды басқарудың инновациялық төмен көміртекті стратегиялары енгізілуде. Осы зерттеуде 12 елден алынған 27 тақырыптық зерттеудің синтезіне негізделген университет кампустарында төмен көміртекті су пайдалану мен рециркуляцияның жаһандық экологиялық талдауы ұсынылған. Жиналған деректерде тазарту технологиялары (биологиялық, мембраналық, физика-химиялық және гибридтік жүйелер), сапа көрсеткіштері (BOD, TSS, TDS), қайта пайдалану көрсеткіштері және экономикалық параметрлер (қаржылық шығындар мен инвестицияның қайтарым мерзімі) қамтылған. Сипаттамалық статистика бойынша кампустарда суды рециркуляциялау орташа деңгейі 57% (медианалық мәні – 33%), ал биологиялық процестер органикалық ластаушыларды (BOD) 95%-ға дейін жояды, бірақ еріген заттар (TDS) мөлшерін азайту үшін көбіне үшінші реттік тазалауды талап етеді. Қаржылық шығындар 15 000–157 000 АҚШ долларына дейін ауытқып, инвестицияның өзін-өзі ақтау мерзімі 3-тен 6,5 жылға дейінгі аралықты құрады. SWOT-талдау – TDS-ті жеткіліксіз жою, реттеудегі олқылықтар, әлеуметтік қарсылық және мүмкіндіктер, атап айтқанда ESG-қаржыландырудың өсуі, ағартушылық қызмет және автономды жүйелерді дамыту сынды негізгі кедергілерді анықтады. Нәтижелер университет кампустарының тұрақты су стратегиялары үшін «тірі зертхана» ретіндегі шешуші рөлін айқындайды, кампус деңгейіндегі рециркуляция 6-шы ТДМ (Тұрақты даму мақсаттары) – «Таза су және санитария» мақсатына қол жеткізуге ықпал ететінін дәлелдейді, алайда бұл үшін стандартталған өмірлік циклді бағалауды, жергілікті нормативтік және климаттық жағдайларға бейімделуді талап етеді. Сонымен қатар, бұл зерттеу өмірлік циклді сенімді бағалауды және көміртек шығарындыларын толық есепке алудың маңыздылығын көрсетеді.
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Авторлық құқық (c) 2025 Akhmet Ramazan, Samal Syrlybekkyzy, Lyailim Taizhanova, Yevgeniy Muralev, Ye. Pangaliyev (Author)
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