Geoecological state of surface waters of the Or and Kargaly rivers

Abstract

The article considers the importance of surface waters in the geographical environment. It describes the environment and the anthropogenic pollution of water resources. The article presents an overview of the geoecological state of surface waters in the Khromtau and Kargalinsky districts of Aktobe region, namely, the Or and Kargalinsky rivers, which are the main waterways of these districts. There is given the characteristic of the physical and geographical features of these rivers. The authors have determined geoecological state of surface waters based on the water pollution index. The authors have carried out hydrochemical analysis to determine the concentration of pollutants in the water and calculate the water pollution index. There is presented a method of calculating the water pollution index and classification of water quality classes. As a result of hydrochemical analysis, the authors have classified river waters by water quality classes depending on the water pollution index.

There are presented indicators of hydrochemical analysis for the period 2019-2020 and the results of the analysis of the studied surface waters of rivers. The article explaines a reason for the high or low coefficient of surface water ISV for each season with the indicator of the water pollution index. The authors present recommendations on the measures that need to be implemented to optimize the geoecological state of the surface waters of the Or and Kargaly rivers. In addition, the article presents a physical map and a map of the key points where the study has been conducted. The maps were created using the ArcGIS 10.6.1 software. There were used such methods as the method of field research, the method of description, the method of analysis, the statistical method, the comparative geographical method, the cartographic method, and the geoinformation method.