Comparative phytochemical profiling of the underground parts of Cichorium intybus L.
Views: 1 / PDF downloads: 0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32523/3107-278X-2026-154-1-10-25Keywords:
Cichorium intybus L., phytochemistry, macroelements, microelements, biological activity, GC-MSAbstract
Medicinal plants are boundless source of raw materials for the pharmaceutical. Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is a perennial plant of the Asteraceae family, widely used in traditional medicine and food industry. In recent years, interest in its main properties has been growing due to the spread of biological methods such as inulin, phenolic components, flavonoids and vitamins. Chicory is known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. These qualities make it a promising product for the creation of natural resources, as well as providing food products.
This study presents the results of quantitative and qualitative analysis of the underground part of C. intybus L., both imported from China and cultivated in Kazakhstan. In addition, the paper presents the data of chromatographic analysis of the underground part of the plant from abroad and locally grown, performed using the method of gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS). Based on the conducted analyses, it can be concluded that the plant has high potential for the development of new drugs and biologically active additives. This study of the C. intybus L. plant continues to do in-depth research on the chemical composition and biologically active substances parts.
Downloads
References
Abbas, Z. K., Saggu, S., Sakeran, M. I., Zidan, N., Rehman, H., & Ansari, A. (2015). Phytochemical, antioxidant and mineral composition of hydroalcoholic extract of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) leaves. Saudi. J. Biol. Sci., 22(3), 322–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.11.015
Aisa, H. A., Xin, X., & Tang, D. (2020). Chemical Constituents and Their Pharmacological Activities of Plants From Cichorium Genus. Chinese Herbal Medicines, 12, 3, 224–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2020.05.001
Uttu, A. J., Sallau, M. S., Ibrahim, H., & Iyun, O. R. A. (2022). Isolation, characterization, and docking studies of campesterol and β-sitosterol from Strychnos innocua (Delile) root bark. J Taibah Univ Med Sci., 18(3), 566–578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2022.12.003
Ajayi, G. O., Olagunju, J. A., Ademuyiwa, O., & Martins, O. C. (2011). GC-MS analysis and phytochemical screening of ethanolic root of Plumbago zeylanica (Linn.). J. Med. Plants Res., 5(9), 1756-1761
Alabi, K. A., Lajide, L., & Owolabi, B. J. (2018). Biological activities of oleic acid and its primary amide: experimental and computational studies. J. Chem Soc. Nigeria, 43, 2, 9-18.
Al Alawi, A. M., Majoni, S. W., & Falhammar, H. (2018). Magnesium and Human Health: Perspectives and Research Directions. International Journal of Endocrinology, 9041694. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9041694
Baiseitova, A., Amzeyeva, U., Tolepbergen, A., Ulfanova, Y., Shybyray, Ye., Dai, L., Shang, X., Bari Shah, A., Kim, J. Y. & Jenis, J. (2025). Response surface methodology optimization on ultrasonic-assisted extraction of chicory (Cichorium intybus L) and their UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS analysis, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity. Journal eFood , 6(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/efd2.70081
Balamurugan, R., Duraipandiyan, V., & Ignacimuthu, S. (2011). Antidiabetic activity of γ-sitosterol isolated from Lippia nodiflora L. in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. European Journal of Pharmacology, 667, 1–3, 410–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.05.025
Blumenthal, M. (1998). The complete German Commission E monographs. American Botanical Council, Austin. TX, 109.
Deng, B., Kong, W., Suo, H., Shen, X., Newton, M. A., Burkett, W. C., Zhao, Z., John, C., Sun, W., Zhang, X., Fan, Y., Hao, T., Zhou, Ch., & Bae-Jump, V. L. (2023). Oleic Acid Exhibits Anti-Proliferative and Anti-Invasive Activities via the PTEN/AKT/mTOR Pathway in Endometrial Cancer. Cancers, 15(22), 5407. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15225407
Butler, M. S. (2004). The role of natural product chemistry in drug discovery. J. Nat. Prod., 67, 2141–2153. https://doi.org/10.1021/np040106y
Cadalen, T., Morchen, M., Blassiau, C., Clabaut, A., Scheer, I., Hilbert, J., Hendriks, T., & Quillet, M. C. (2010). Development of SSR markers and construction of a consensus genetic map for chicory (Cichorium intybus L.). Mol. Breed., 25, 699–722. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-009-9369-5
Ferrazzano, G. F., Amato, I., Ingenito, A., Zarrelli, A., Pinto, G., & Pollio, A. (2011). Plant polyphenols and their anti-cariogenic properties: A review. Molecules, 16, 1486–1507. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules16021486
Ghamarian, A., Abdollahi, M., Su, X., Amiri, A., Ahadi, A., & Nowrouzi, A. (2012). Effect of chicory seed extract on glucose tolerance test (GTT) and metabolic profile in early and late stage diabetic rats. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20, 56–65. https://doi.org/10.1186/2008-2231-20-56
Ghosh, S. K., Pandey, K., Ghosh, M., & Sur, P. K. (2025). Mycochemistry, antioxidant, anticancer activity, and molecular docking of compounds of F12 of ethyl acetate extract of Astraeus asiaticus with BcL2 and Caspase 3. Scientific Reports, 15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87775-1
Shareef, H. Kh., Muhammed, H. J., Hussein, H. M., & Hameed, I. H. (2016). Antibacterial effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) roscoe and bioactive chemical analysis using gas chromatography mass spectrum. Oriental Journal of Chemistry, 32, 2, 817–837. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/320207
Jananie, R., Prya, V., & Vijayalakshmi, K. (2011). Determination of bioactive components of Cynodon dactylon by GC-MS analysis. New York Sci J., 4, 16–20.
Jenis, Janar (2021). Chemistry of Natural Compounds for Scientific and Laboratory Works. Almaty, Kazakh University.
Jones, W. P., Chin, Y. W., & Kinghorn, A. D. (2006). The role of pharmacognosy in modern medicine and pharmacy. Curr. Drug. Targets, 7, 247–264. https://doi.org/10.2174/138945006776054915
Keshavarzi, A., Akrami, R., & Zarshenas, M. (2024). Evaluation of the effect of Cichorium intybus L. on the liver enzymes in burn patients: a randomized double‐blind clinical trial. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 2024, 1016247. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/1016247
Kimura, M., & Rodriguez-Amaya, D. B. (2003). Carotenoid composition of hydroponic leafy vegetables. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51, 2603–2607. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020539b
Kmiecik, W., Lisiewska, Z., & Jaworska, G. (2001). Effect of storage conditions on the technological value of dill (Anethum graveolens L.). Folia Horticulturea, 13, 33–43.
Knight, T. L., Moss, R. A., Fraser, T. J., Rowarth, J. S., & Burton, R. N. (1996). Effect of pasture species on internal parasites of lambs. Proc. N. Z. Grassl. Assoc., 58, 59–62. https://doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.1996.58.2217
Koehn, F. E., & Carter, G. T. (2005). The evolving role of natural products in drug discovery. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov., 4, 206–220. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd1657
Krylova, S. G., Vymyatnina, Z. K., Zueva, E. P., Amosova, E. N., Razina, T. G., & Litvinenko, I. (2015). Effects of Cichorium Intybus L. root extract on secretory activity of the stomach in health and ulcer disease. 159(5), 638–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10517-015-3035-1
Lentini, F., & Venza, F. (2007). Valorizzazione delle piante selvatiche di uso alimentare in Sicilia. Corissia. Agrigento (Italy). https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-3-15
Balunas, M. J., & Kinghorn, A. D. (2005). Drug discovery from medicinal plants. Life Sciences, 78(5), 431–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2005.09.012
Goswami, M., Priya, Jaswal, Sh., Gupta, Gh. D., & Verma, S. K. (2023). A comprehensive update on phytochemistry, analytical aspects, medicinal attributes, specifications and stability of stigmasterol. Steroids. 196, 109244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109244
Miller, M. C., Duckett, S. K., & Andrae, J. G. (2011). The effect of forage species on performance and gastrointestinal nematode infection in lambs. Small Ruminant Research, 95, 2–3, 188–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2010.09.006
Abdelkader, M. S. A., Rateb, M. E., Mohamed, G. A., & Jaspars, M. (2016). Harpulliasides A and B: Two new benzeneacetic acid derivatives from Harpullia pendula. Phytochemistry Letters, 15, 131–135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2015.12.006
Nishanthini, A., Mohan, V. R., & Jeeva, S. (2014). Phytochemical, FT-IR, and GC-MS analysis of stem and leaf of Tiliacora acuminata. IJPSR, 5(9), 3977-3986. http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.5(9).3977-86
Nwafor, I. C., Shale, K., & Achilonu, M. C. (2017). Chemical Composition and Nutritive Benefits of Chicory (Cichorium intybus) as an Ideal Complementary and/or Alternative Livestock Feed Supplement. Scientific World Journal, 2017, 7343928. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7343928
Obeng, S. K., Kulhаnek, M., Balik, J., Cerny, J., & Sedlar, O. (2024). Manganese: from soil to human health-a comprehensive overview of its biological and environmental significance. Nutrients, 16(20), 3455. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16203455
Paniangvait, P., King, A. J., Jones, A. D., & German, B. G. (1995). Cholesterol oxides in foods of animal origin. J. Food. Sci. 60, 1159–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1995.tb04548.x
Papetti A., Mascherpaa D., Carazzonea C. (2013). Identification of organic acids in Cichorium intybus inhibiting virulence-related properties of oral pathogenic bacteria. Food Chemistry, 138, 2–3, 1706–1712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.10.148
Qin, Y., Wang, L., Yang, X., Xu, Y., Fan, G., Fan, Y., Ren, J., An, Q., & Li, X. (2023). Inulin: properties and health benefits. Food Funct., 14, 2948-2968. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2FO01096H
Rani, P., & Khullar, N. (2004). Antimicrobial evaluation of some medicinal plants for their anti-enteric potential against multi-drug resistant Salmonella typhi. Phytotherapy Research, 18, 670–673. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1522
Saadati, F., Chahardehi A. M., Jamshidi, N., & Ghasemi, D. (2024). Coumarin: a natural solution for alleviating inflammatory disorders. Current Research in Pharmacology and Drug Discovery, 7, 100202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crphar.2024.100202
Saeed, M., Babazadeh, D., Arif, M., & Asif, M. (2017). Silymarin: a potent hepatoprotective agent in poultry industry. World's Poultry Science Journal, 73, 483–492. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043933917000538
Sampaio, F. C., Pereira, M. do S., Dias, C. S., Costa, V. C., Conde, N. C., & Buzalaf, M. A. (2009). In vitro antimicrobial activity of Caesalpinia ferrea Martius fruits against oral pathogens. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 124, 289–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2009.04.034
Schmidt, B., Ilic, N., Poulev, A., & Raskin, I. (2007). Toxicological evaluation of a chicory root extract. Food Chem. Toxicol., 45, 1131–1139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2006.12.019
Scholz, E. (2006). Monographien: Cichorium, Cichorium intybus L., Cichorii folia et radix, Cichorii radix. In Hagers handbuch der drogen und arzneistoffe. Springer Medizin Verlag, Heidelberg.
Schumacher, E., Vigh, E., Molnar, V., Kenyeres, P., Feher, G., Kesmarky, G., Toth, K., & Garai, J. (2011). Thrombosis preventive potential of chicory coffee consumption: a clinical study. Phytother Res., 25(5), 744–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.3481
Shaikh, T., Rub, R. A., & Sasikumar, S. (2012). Antimicrobial screening of Cichorium intybus seed extracts. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.04.012
Shahparan, I., Rashmia, N., & Nazmul, Q. (2024). Medicinal herbs and their metabolites with biological potential to protect and combat liver toxicity and its disorders: A review. Heliyon, 10(3), e25340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25340
State Pharmacopoeia of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Third edition. MZ RK. (2014). Astana. ISBN 978-601-294-214-9.
Street, R. A., Sidana, J., & Prinsoloo, G. (2013). Cichorium intybus: Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology. J. Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med., 579319. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/579319
Su, Q., Rowley, K. G., Itsiopoulos, C., & O’Dea, K. (2002). Identification and quantitation of major carotenoids in select components of the Mediterranean diet. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 56, 1149–1154. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601472
Vilkhu, K., Mawson, R., Simons, L., & Bates, D. (2008). Applications and opportunities for ultrasound assisted extraction in the food industry: A review. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technology, 9, 161–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2007.04.014
Visuthranukul, С., Sriswasdi, S., Tepaamorndech, S., Chamni, S., Leelahavanichkul, A., Joyjinda, Y., Aksornkitti, V., & Chomtho, S. (2024). Enhancing gut microbiota and microbial function with inulin supplementation in children with obesity. International Journal of Obesity, 48, 1696–1704. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-024-01590-8
Yoo, S., Murata, R. M., & Duarte, S. (2011). Antimicrobial traits of tea- and cranberry derived polyphenols against Streptococcus mutans. Caries Research, 45, 327–335. https://doi.org/10.1159/000329181
Zacchia, M., Abategiovanni, M., Stratigis, S., & Capasso, G. (2016). Potassium: from physiology to clinical implications. Kidney Diseases, 2(2), 72–79. https://doi.org/10.1159/000446268
Zhu, K., & Prince, R. L. (2012). Calcium and bone. Clinical Biochemistry, 45(12), 936–942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.05.006
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 U. Amzeyeva, A. Tolepbergen, S. Huanbieke, T. Karunakaran, A. Baiseitova, J. Jenis (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
