Placenta as a biomarker of the ecological situation: results of micromineral analysis in Akmola region
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-6771-2025-152-3-191-206Keywords:
placenta, Akmola region, microelements, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive analysis, ecological and geochemical situation, calcifications, health of mother and childAbstract
The article presents the results of a comprehensive study of the micromineral composition of placentas from residents of the Akmola region, an area characterized by high radioecological stress due to intensive uranium and gold mining, as well as the presence of natural radon anomalies. The primary objective of the research was to identify the peculiarities of mineral phase accumulation and distribution in placental tissue, thereby assessing the influence of ecological and geochemical factors on the “mother–placenta–fetus” system.
The methodological basis included scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Hitachi S-3400N) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (Bruker XFlash 5010), which ensured high precision in determining the morphology and chemical composition of mineral inclusions. The analysis of placental samples from women residing in the Akmola region revealed the presence of potassium and chlorine salts, accompanied by sodium and aluminum impurities. In addition, two types of phosphorus-containing phases (P–Na and P–Ca) were identified, which play a significant role in the calcification of placental tissue and may contribute to the formation of pathological calcifications.
Of particular interest was the detection of a rare I–Cu particle association, previously not described in placental structures. This finding directly reflects the specific geochemical conditions of the studied region and confirms the potential for placental accumulation of marker elements related to both anthropogenic and natural contamination.
Thus, the obtained results demonstrate that the placenta can be considered not only as an organ vital for fetal development but also as a bioindicator of environmental conditions. The presence of specific mineral phases reflects the actual ecological and geochemical situation and its potential impact on women’s reproductive health. The findings emphasize the necessity of further interdisciplinary research and the development of preventive measures aimed at reducing pregnancy complications and safeguarding newborn health.
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Copyright (c) 2025 A. Yerzhanova, Ye. Merkibayev, S. Nurmakova, Ye. Zhumai, A. Akhmetzhan, A. Yerkinkyzy, A. Niyazova (Author)
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